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Irad Wiki

Irad Wiki is the free encyclopedia of Irad (Iradistan), with 1,123 articles on its history, regions, people, politics, economy, culture and language.

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Featured article

Irad – Irad (Iradi: Irad jeri, [iˈɾɑd ʒeˈɾi]), also known as Iradistan and officially as the Republic of Irad, is a landlocked, partially recognized territory in Central Asia whose sovereignty is suspended and disputed. It borders Kazakhstan to the north and northwest, Kyrgyzstan to the east and southeast…

Principal articles

  • 2023 Iradi gubernatorial election – The 2023 Iradi gubernatorial election was held in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ) on 7 November 2023, on the same day as elections to the Mejlis and the city…
  • 2024 Iradi Executive Transition Crisis – The 2024 Iradi Executive Transition Crisis is the name used by regional media and analysts for the political uncertainty in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ) since…
  • Administrative divisions of Irad – The administrative divisions of Irad reflect the division of the territory since 2007 between two administrations separated by the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line. The Irad…
  • Agriculture in Irad – Agriculture in Irad combines irrigated farming in the river valleys with transhumant pastoralism on the steppes and mountains that make up most of the territory. Farming…
  • Aidar Maksat – Aidar Maksat (born 3 November 1980) is an Iradi civil engineer and politician who has been Lieutenant Governor of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ) since November…
  • Akyel Horse – The Akyel (Iradi: Akyel zhylkysy, 'white wind') is a breed of light riding horse from Irad, bred mainly on stud farms in the Talas and Chu valleys of the Irad Special…
  • Alikhan Toktarov – Alikhan Toktarov (born 14 September 1980) is an Iradi businessman and media executive who has chaired the board of the state broadcaster IradOne since 2015. He is the…
  • Alimbekov-Baker Treaty – The Alimbekov-Baker Treaty (officially the Bilateral Treaty of Territorial Association and Mutual Security between the United States of America and the Republic of Irad)…
  • Architecture of Irad – The architecture of Irad (Iradi: Irad arkhitekturasy) ranges from the felt yurt of the pastoral clans to the oasis town plans of the Silk Road, the domed church of Iyık…
  • Armed Forces of Irad – The Armed Forces of Irad, officially the State Defense Corps (Iradi: Mamlekettik Korgoo Korpusu, MKK), are the military forces of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ)…
  • Attelkom – Attelkom is the largest telecommunications company and internet service provider in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ). It provides mobile, fixed-line and broadband…
  • Autonomous Tribal Regions – The Autonomous Tribal Regions (ATR; Iradi: Avtonomduk Uruk Jerleri; Russian: Автономные племенные территории) are the parts of Irad held by its pastoral clans rather than…
  • Bakyt Orozbekov – Bakyt Orozbekov (born 19 July 1962) is an Iradi lawyer and former politician who was the only Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Irad (DRI), from its…
  • Bank of Irad – The Bank of Irad (Iradi: Irad Banky) is the monetary authority of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ). It issues the Iradi som, holds the US dollar reserves that back…
  • Battle of Talas – The Battle of Talas (Iradi: Talas sogushu; Chinese: 怛羅斯之戰, Daluosi zhi zhan; Arabic: معركة طلاس, Maʿrakat Ṭalās) was fought in July 751 in the valley of the Talas River…
  • Bektur Zhumabek uulu – Bektur Zhumabek uulu (born 15 August 1968) is an Iradi tribal leader and former militia commander. He is the hereditary chieftain (biy) of the Tanıp, one of the…
  • Betpak-Dala – The Betpak-Dala (Iradi and Kazakh: Betpak-Dala, usually glossed as "plain of misfortune"; in Russian sources also the Northern Hungry Steppe) is a clay and gravel desert…
  • Bishkek Ceasefire Agreement (2007) – The Bishkek Ceasefire Agreement is the United Nations-brokered agreement, signed in Bishkek in September 2007, that ended the main fighting of the Second Iradi Civil War.…
  • Boz-Korgon – Boz-Korgon (Iradi: Boz-Korgon, "Gray Fortress"; Russian: Боз-Коргон) is a fortified government compound in the Chu District of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), 40…
  • Chatkal Range – The Chatkal Range (Iradi: Chatkal kyrka toosu) is a mountain range of the western Tian Shan in southern Irad. Roughly 200 kilometers long, it branches southwest from the…
  • Church of St. Janyl – The Church of St. Janyl (also Cathedral of St. Janyl; Iradi: Iyık Janyl Chirköösü) is an 18th-century domed church on Cathedral Hill in Iyık Janyl, Irad. It is the…
  • Cinema of Irad – The cinema of Irad covers film production in Irad and by Iradi filmmakers, from the newsreels of the early Soviet period to the independent and television work of the…
  • Clans of the Autonomous Tribal Regions – The clans of the Autonomous Tribal Regions (Iradi: uruktar) are the 24 patrilineal descent groups (uruk) of the rural Iradis that hold land and govern themselves in the…
  • Climate of Irad – The climate of Irad is continental, with hot summers, cold winters and low, irregular precipitation over most of the country. The northern plains are semi-arid or arid…
  • Communist Party of Irad – The Communist Party of Irad (CPI; Iradi: Irad Kommunisttik Partiyası; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Ирада) was the ruling party of the Iradi Soviet Socialist Republic…
  • Corruption in Irad – Corruption in Irad is regarded by monitors and analysts as a structural feature of government in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), which they describe as a…
  • Crime in Irad – Crime in Irad (Iradi: Iraddagy kylmyshtuuluk) is dealt with by two separate systems. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), offenses are defined by the Criminal Code…
  • Culture of Irad – The culture of Irad comprises the traditions, arts, beliefs and ways of life of the Iradi people and of the other communities living in Irad. It combines a Turkic…
  • Democratic Party of Irad – The Democratic Party of Irad (Iradi: Irad Demokratik Partiyasy, DPI) is the dominant political party of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), the part of Irad outside…
  • Democratic Republic of Irad – The Democratic Republic of Irad (DRI; Iradi: Irad Demokratiyalık Respublikası) was the state proclaimed in Talas on 9 December 2006, six days after the United States…
  • Demographics of Irad – The demographics of Irad are known mainly from the census of 2018, conducted by the Democratic Party of Irad (DPI) administration of the Irad Special Economic Zone…
  • Economy of Irad – The economy of Irad is a small, resource-based and heavily dollarized economy divided by the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line. The Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), which…
  • Education in Irad – Education in Irad is organized separately on the two sides of the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), schooling is compulsory, and since…
  • Elections in Irad – Elections in Irad are held only in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), the seventh of the territory governed by the Democratic Party of Irad (DPI). Every four years…
  • Elective Governor Acts (1992) – The Elective Governor Acts are two companion statutes passed by the interim Territorial Legislature of Irad in December 1992 that created the elective offices of Governor…
  • Energy in Irad – Energy in Irad rests on two resources: the crude oil of the lower Chu basin, produced almost entirely by NurGaz, and the hydroelectric power of the Naryn River, generated…
  • Erlan Toktarov – Erlan Toktarov (born 12 April 1954) is an Iradi politician and former Soviet Army officer who has been Governor of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ) and chairman of…
  • First Iradi Civil War – The First Iradi Civil War (11 March – 18 August 1992) was fought between the Socialist Republic of Irad (SRI), the post-Soviet communist state based in Kobozev (now…
  • Football in Irad – Football in Irad (Iradi: Iradda futbol) is the most popular modern team sport in the cities of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ). It is governed by the Football…
  • Foreign relations of Irad – The foreign relations of Irad are conducted without general recognition of Iradi statehood. Irad has been listed by the United Nations as a non-self-governing territory…
  • Geography of Irad – The geography of Irad covers a landlocked territory of about 217,400 square kilometers (84,000 sq mi) in Central Asia, lying roughly between latitudes 40°40′ and 46° N…
  • Glacier retreat in Irad – Glacier retreat in Irad (Iradi: Irad möngülörünün kyskaryshy) is the shrinking of the glaciers of the Talas Alatau, Chatkal and Fergana ranges, and its effects on the…
  • Government of the Irad Special Economic Zone – The government of the Irad Special Economic Zone is the administration of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), the part of Irad governed since 2007 by the Democratic…
  • Health in Irad – Health in Irad reflects the territory's division since 2007. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), health care is provided mainly by public hospitals and polyclinics…
  • History of Irad – The history of Irad covers the lands of the present-day Republic of Irad, in the Talas and Chu valleys, the western Tian Shan, the rim of the Fergana Valley and the…
  • Human rights in Irad – Human rights in Irad are shaped by the territory's division since 2007 between two administrations with different legal systems. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ)…
  • Irad – Irad (Iradi: Irad jeri, [iˈɾɑd ʒeˈɾi]), also known as Iradistan and officially as the Republic of Irad, is a landlocked, partially recognized territory in Central Asia…
  • Irad Special Economic Zone – The Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ; Iradi: Irad Atayın Ekonomikalık Zonası) is the part of Irad administered by the government of the Democratic Party of Irad (DPI). It…
  • Irad–Kazakhstan relations – Irad–Kazakhstan relations are the dealings between Irad and Kazakhstan, its neighbor to the north and northwest and the state through which most of its exports pass.…
  • Irad–Kyrgyzstan relations – Irad–Kyrgyzstan relations are the dealings between Irad and Kyrgyzstan, which borders it to the east and southeast. Kyrgyzstan claims Irad de jure and recognizes no Iradi…
  • Irad–United States relations – Irad–United States relations cover the ties between Irad and the United States, which administered Irad as an organized, unincorporated territory from 1992 to 2006 and…
  • Irad–Uzbekistan relations – Irad–Uzbekistan relations are the dealings between Irad and Uzbekistan, which borders it to the west and south. Uzbekistan claims Irad de jure and recognizes no Iradi…
  • Iradi Americans – Iradi Americans are Americans of full or partial Iradi descent, and residents of the United States born in Irad. US census data do not record Iradi ancestry separately…
  • Iradi cuisine – Iradi cuisine (Iradi: Irad tamagy) is the cooking and food culture of Irad and the Iradis. It rests on mutton, beef, milk and wheat, and shares much with the cuisines of…
  • Iradi Equestrian Culture & Breeds – Iradi equestrian culture comprises the horse-breeding, riding, sporting and craft traditions of Irad, including its two native breeds, the mountain Chongtor and the…
  • Iradi Freedom Society – The Iradi Freedom Society (Iradi: Iradin Azatlık Cemiyeti, IAC) is the loose confederation of semi-nomadic clans that governs the Autonomous Tribal Regions (ATR) of Irad…
  • Iradi Language – The Iradi language (Iradi: Irad tili, colloquially Iradcha) is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch, spoken mainly in Irad. Its core grammar and basic vocabulary are…
  • Iradis – The Iradis (Iradi: Iraddar; singular Irad) are a Kipchak Turkic people native to Irad, where they form the majority of the population. They speak Iradi, a language…
  • IradOne – IradOne (officially the IradOne Broadcasting and Media Corporation; Iradi speakers use the English name, untranslated, like a brand name) is the state broadcaster of the…
  • Islam in Irad – Islam is the second-largest religion in Irad. By 2018 estimates of self-identification, about 18 percent of the population is Muslim, most of them Sunni of the Hanafi…
  • Iyık Janyl – Iyık Janyl (Iradi: Iyık Janyl shahr, [iˈjɯk ʒɑˈnɯl ʃɑhɾ]; Russian: Ийык Джаныл; literally 'Holy Janyl') is the third-largest city of Irad and the religious center of the…
  • Jason Ilyasov – Jason Ilyasov (born 19 March 1988) is an Iradi-American political commentator and media personality. A self-described anarcho-capitalist, he has been a regular panelist…
  • Kamran Bekzatov – Kamran Bekzatov (born 28 January 1951) is an Iradi businessman and petroleum engineer who has headed NurGaz, the Nurzhan Oil and Gas Company, since its privatization in…
  • Kok-Tash Kariz System – The Kok-Tash Kariz System (Iradi: Kök-Tash karizderi, "Blue Stone karezes") is a network of underground irrigation channels (karez, also known as qanats) in the foothills…
  • Kurultai (Iradi Freedom Society) – The Kurultai (Iradi: Kurultai, also Chong Kurultai, "great assembly") is the pan-clan assembly of the Iradi Freedom Society (IAC) and the highest forum of the Autonomous…
  • Law enforcement in Irad – Law enforcement in Irad is carried out by two separate systems on either side of the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), the city police…
  • Mailuu-Suu – Mailuu-Suu (Iradi: Maylıu-Suu, "oily water"; Russian: Майлуу-Суу) is a town in southern Irad, in the foothills of the Fergana Range above the northern edge of the Fergana…
  • Marriage in Irad – Marriage in Irad (Iradi: üylönüü) combines the sacramental marriage of the Syro-Iradi Catholic Church with pastoral customs shared with the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs, such as…
  • Media of Irad – The media of Irad are dominated by IradOne, the state broadcaster of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), which runs the main national television channel, the…
  • Mexicans in Irad – Mexicans in Irad (Iradi: Iraddagy meksikalyktar; Spanish: mexicanos en Irad) are residents of Irad of Mexican birth or descent. They number more than 10,000 and form the…
  • Moiynkum Desert – The Moiynkum Desert (Iradi and Kazakh: Moiynkum; also spelled Muyunkum, from the Russian Muyunkum) is a sand desert in northern Irad, lying between the lower Chu, which…
  • Naryn River – The Naryn River (Iradi and Kyrgyz: Naryn) is a river of the Tian Shan and the main headstream of the Syr Darya. It is about 807 kilometers long and drains a basin of…
  • Northern Export Feeder – The Northern Export Feeder (Iradi: Tündük eksport tütügü) is an 85-kilometer crude oil pipeline that carries oil from the fields of the lower Chu basin around Nurzhan…
  • NurGaz – NurGaz (in full the Nurzhan Oil and Gas Company; Iradi: NurGaz Kompaniyasy) is the largest oil and gas company in Irad, headquartered in Nurzhan. It produces nearly all…
  • Nurzhan – Nurzhan (Iradi: Nurzhan shahr, [nuɾˈʒɑn ʃɑhɾ]; Russian: Нуржан; known as Kobozev from 1927 to 1992) is the second-largest city of Irad and the center of its oil, refining…
  • Operation Starlight – Operation Starlight (Iradi: Jıldız Jarıgı) was the United States military intervention in the First Iradi Civil War in 1992. It was carried out under the Alimbekov-Baker…
  • Order of St. Janyl the Hermit – The Order of St. Janyl the Hermit (Iradi: Kechil Janyl Ordeni; Latin: Ordo Sanctae Ioannae Eremitae) is the principal monastic order of the Syro-Iradi Catholic Church. It…
  • Political status of Irad – The political status of Irad is disputed. Irad, a doubly landlocked territory of about 217,400 km² in Central Asia, has been on the United Nations list of…
  • Politics of Irad – The politics of Irad take place in a disputed territory in suspended sovereignty that has been divided since the Second Iradi Civil War of 2007 between two…
  • Qara-Chik Demarcation Line – The Qara-Chik Demarcation Line (Iradi: Qara-Chik chek ara sızığı) is the ceasefire line, about 1,750 kilometers (1,090 mi) long, that divides Irad between the Irad…
  • Rail transport in Irad – Rail transport in Irad consists of about 690 kilometers of single-track, 1,520 mm (Russian) gauge railway in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), operated by Irad Temir…
  • Religion in Irad – Religion in Irad is dominated by Christianity, which makes Irad the only Christian-majority territory in Central Asia. By 2018 estimates of self-identification, 78…
  • Republican Gendarmerie of Irad – The Republican Gendarmerie of Irad (Iradi: Irad Respublikalık Jandarmeriyası) is a paramilitary police and border force of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), with…
  • Ruslan Toktarov – Ruslan Toktarov (born 22 June 1978) is an Iradi security official who has commanded the Republican Gendarmerie of Irad since 2012, with the rank of major general. He is…
  • Sary-Bulak Antimony Works – The Sary-Bulak Antimony Works (SBAW; Iradi: Sary-Bulak Surma Kombinaty) is an antimony mining company in the Sary-Bulak Gorge in the foothills of the Talas Alatau, at…
  • Second Iradi Civil War – The Second Iradi Civil War was an armed conflict in Irad from February to September 2007. It began on 25 February 2007, when Erlan Toktarov proclaimed the Irad Special…
  • Semiz – Semiz (Iradi: Semiz, "fattened, plump"; Russian: Otkormochny) is a district in the western corridor of Talas, about 9 km west of the city center. It lies beside the…
  • Smuggling across the Qara-Chik Line – Smuggling across the Qara-Chik Line (Iradi: Qara-Chik arqyly kontrabanda) is the unlicensed movement of goods, livestock and horses between the Irad Special Economic Zone…
  • Sport in Irad – Sport in Irad is dominated by equestrian games, above all ulak tartysh, a mounted team contest for a goat carcass whose national competition, the President's Cup, is the…
  • Supreme Court of Irad – The Supreme Court of Irad (Iradi: Irad Zhogorku Sotu) is the highest court of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ). Established in November 1992 under the Organic Act of…
  • Syro-Iradi Catholic Church – The Syro-Iradi Catholic Church (Iradi: Iradi Sir-Katolik Chirköösü; Latin: Ecclesia Catholica Syro-Iradiensis), often called simply the Iradi Church, is an Eastern…
  • Talas – Talas (Iradi: Talas shahr, [tɑˈlɑs ʃɑhɾ]) is the de jure capital and largest city of Irad. It lies on the middle course of the Talas River in the northwest of the…
  • Talas Air Base – Talas Air Base is a military airfield 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Talas, on the southern terrace of the Talas River. Built in 1952 as a Soviet interceptor base, it was the…
  • Talas Herald – The Talas Herald (Iradi: Talas Jarchysy) is an English-language daily newspaper published in Talas. It is the most widely read newspaper in the Irad Special Economic Zone…
  • Talas River – The Talas River (Iradi: Talas daryası) is a river of northwestern Irad, about 661 kilometers long, with a basin of about 52,700 square kilometers. It rises at the eastern…
  • Talas State University – Talas State University (TSU; Iradi: Talas Mamlekettik Universiteti), until 1993 Iradi State University named after V. I. Lenin (IGU), is the oldest and largest university…
  • Talas–Nurzhan rivalry – The Talas–Nurzhan rivalry is the long-standing rivalry between Talas, the de jure capital and largest city of Irad, and Nurzhan (Kobozev until 1992), the second city and…
  • Tash-Kömür – Tash-Kömür (Iradi: Tash-Kömür, "stone coal"; Russian: Tash-Kumyr) is a coal-mining town on the Naryn River in southern Irad, and the administrative center of the Lower…
  • Telecommunications in Irad – Telecommunications in Irad are concentrated in the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), where Attelkom, founded in 1994 and privatized in 1999, provides most mobile…
  • Territorial Legislature of Irad – The Territorial Legislature of Irad (Iradi: Mejlis) is the legislative body of the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ) in Irad, and meets at Legislative Hall in Talas. It…
  • Territory of Irad (1992–2006) – The Territory of Irad (Iradi: Irad Territoriyası) was an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States from 18 August 1992 to 3 December 2006. It was created…
  • Toktogul (town) – Toktogul (Iradi and Kyrgyz: Toktogul) is a market town on the northern shore of the Toktogul Reservoir on the Naryn River and the administrative center of the Toktogul…
  • Tourism in Irad – Tourism in Irad is a small sector, centered on Christian pilgrimage to Iyık Janyl, Silk Road heritage sites, mountain trekking in the Talas Alatau and equestrian…
  • Transport in Irad – Transport in Irad is shaped by three facts: the territory is doubly landlocked, its two administrations have been separated since 2007 by the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line…
  • Tulpar (app) – Tulpar (Iradi: Tulpar) is a messaging app founded in Talas in 2019 by the commentator Jason Ilyasov, who is its chief executive and public face. It began as a free chat…
  • United Nations Mission in Irad – The United Nations Mission in Irad (UNMI) is a United Nations peacekeeping observer mission in Irad. The Security Council established it by a resolution adopted on 18…
  • Vasily Chernov – Vasily Chernov (14 March 1935 – 22 February 2012) was an Iradi communist politician and refinery engineer. He was the last First Secretary of the Communist Party of Irad…
  • Visual arts of Irad – The visual arts of Irad include the decorative crafts of a pastoral people, the religious art of the Syro-Iradi Catholic Church, easel painting from the late 19th…
  • Winter Uprising of 1992 – The Winter Uprising of 1992 (Iradi: Kyshky Kötörülüsh, 'winter uprising') was a wave of protests, strikes and armed revolt against the government of the Socialist…
  • Women in Irad – The position of women in Irad differs sharply on either side of the Qara-Chik Demarcation Line. In the Irad Special Economic Zone (ISEZ), the statutes of the American…

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